Crazing is the development of a network of fine random cracks or fissures on the surface of concrete or mortar caused by shrinkage of the surface layer.  Read more…

Concrete, like other construction materials, contracts and expands with changes in moisture and temperature, and deflects depending on load and support conditions.  Read more…

Scaling is local flaking or peeling of a finished surface of hardened concrete as a result of exposure to freezing and thawing. Generally, it starts as localized small patches which later may merge and extend to expose large areas.  Read more…

Formation of loose powder resulting from disintegration of surface of hardened concrete is called dusting or chalking.  Read more…